So, your vegetable garden is growing lush and fruitful – or not. If the latter is true, you may need to feed your plants.
Chip Bubl, associate professor and horticulturist at Oregon State University Extension Service, has been giving vegetable gardening advice for many years and offers up some tips about mid-summer feeding for plants.
Bubl’s tips:
Most vegetable gardeners start their crops with a balanced fertilizer that is worked into the soil prior to planting. For light-feeding crops, this will be enough to carry them through to maturity.
Nitrogen is the plant nutrient that is most often re-applied after the crop is up and growing. There are several reasons for doing this. First, nitrogen leaches from soils in winter and there is almost nothing left to start each vegetable year. Second, nitrogen is crucial for vigorous plant growth. A lack of nitrogen produces pale green to greenish-yellowish plants that often are stunted. Third, nitrogen is readily soluble, unlike other plant nutrients, and can quickly move from the soil surface to the root zone if it is watered after applying it.
Gardeners often apply fertilizer to their crops in mid-summer with a cup of ammonium sulfate (21-0-0), a cup and a third of calcium nitrate (15-0-0), or about half a cup of urea (46-0-0) per 10 feet of row. Scatter the fertilizer close to the growing plant and water it in. The crops will respond very quickly. It is not uncommon to see a major change in crop color within two weeks. Corn, onions, the cabbage family and squashes are particularly responsive.
Some organic fertilizers like blood meal and alfalfa pellets will also work well. They need to be lightly worked into the soil and it will take longer to see the response. So, consider using these organic products earlier if you think nitrogen may be a bit short in your garden. Fish emulsion needs to be used more often to get the same effect. Read the label for dilution and application rates with fish emulsion.
Well-timed side dressing generally produces higher yields and better vegetable quality. Timing for these crops are:
Corn: when 8 inches tall and when 24 inches tall
Cabbage. 30 days after transplanting
Cukes: when vines spread fast
Winter squash: same as cucumbers
Summer squash when fruit set starts:
Peppers: same as squash
Potatoes: when vines are 8 inches tall
Beets: when 4 inches tall
Lettuce: Same as beets
Peas and beans are light feeders, but only if the seeds were inoculated at planting with the bacteria that helps capture them nitrogen from the air in root nodules. If not, they may need some nitrogen support through the growing season. Tomatoes are fairly heavy feeders but too much nitrogen can cause excessive shoot growth, leading to an increase blossom end rot on the tomatoes. Do any side dressing with a gentle hand.
One other tip:
When lots of organic matter is added to soils or if a highly organic matter-based soil mix is used, not only is there often almost no nitrogen available from the organic matter (yet) but the composting critters that will start breaking it down need more nitrogen. So, in those conditions, nitrogen side dressing through the growing year will be very important for the health of crops.
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